如何制作操作系统镜像(docker)
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admin
2025年6月29日 15:3
本文热度 1150
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在使用docker的时候，经常需要借助一些基础镜像来进一步二次定制，比如centos镜像、ubunt镜像，那么如果要自己定义一个基础镜像应该如何做呢，有两种方法，这两种方法都是参考网络上以及自己实践后确实可用的方法，本例子以麒麟操作系统为例子，推荐方法二
1、创建任意一个目录并进入此目录(不可在/root下创建)，命令如下：
mkdir -p /opt/kylin && cd /opt/kylini
3、copy系统相关文件到usr路径下，命令如下:
cp -a /usr/lib /usr/lib64 /usr/bin /usr/share usr/
ln -s usr/lib libln -s usr/lib64 lib64ln -s usr/bin bin
6、删除一些非必要脚本，否则执行chroot .会提示Error: /proc must be mounted，如下：
rm -rf etc/profile.d/flatpak.sh etc/profile.d/gawk.csh etc/profile.d/gawk.sh etc/profile.d/lang.csh etc/profile.d/lang.sh etc/profile.d/system-info.sh
8、执行chroot . 命令，测试镜像目录是否有问题，已进入容器，如图：
cd ..tar -C kylin/ -zc . -f kylin-docker.tar.gz 或者tar -zcvf kylin-docker.tar.gz -C kylin/ .
10、编写Dockerfile文件，定制镜像，如下：
FROM scratchADD kylin-docker.tar.gz /LABEL \ org.label-schema.schema-version="1.0" \ org.label-schema.name="Kylin Base Image" \ org.label-schema.vendor="Kylin" \ org.label-schema.license="GPLv2" \ org.label-schema.build-date="20230629" \ org.opencontainers.image.title="Kylin v10 Image" \ org.opencontainers.image.vendor="Kylin" \ org.opencontainers.image.licenses="GPL-2.0-only" \ org.opencontainers.image.created="2022-06-29 00:00:00+00:00"CMD ["/bin/bash"]
docker build -t kylin-v10 .
方法二，直接通过脚本(来源GitHub并二次修改)，推荐此种方法制作#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -e
usage() { cat << EOOPTS$(basename $0) [OPTIONS] <name>OPTIONS: -p "<packages>" The list of packages to install in the container. The default is blank. Can use multiple times. -g "<groups>" The groups of packages to install in the container. The default is "Core". Can use multiple times. -y <yumconf> The path to the yum config to install packages from. The default is /etc/yum.conf for Centos/RHEL and /etc/dnf/dnf.conf for Fedora -t <tag> Specify Tag information. default is referred at /etc/{redhat,system}-releaseEOOPTS exit 1}
yum_config=/etc/yum.confif [ -f /etc/dnf/dnf.conf ] && command -v dnf &> /dev/null; then yum_config=/etc/dnf/dnf.conf alias yum=dnffiinstall_groups=()install_packages=()version=while getopts ":y:p:g:t:h" opt; do case $opt in y) yum_config=$OPTARG ;; h) usage ;; p) install_packages+=("$OPTARG") ;; g) install_groups+=("$OPTARG") ;; t) version="$OPTARG" ;; \?) echo "Invalid option: -$OPTARG" usage ;; esacdoneshift $((OPTIND - 1))name=$1
if [[ -z $name ]]; then usagefi
if [ ${#install_groups[*]} -eq 0 ]; then install_groups=('Core')fi
target=$(mktemp -d --tmpdir=/root $(basename $0).XXXXXX)
set -x
mkdir -m 755 "$target"/devmknod -m 600 "$target"/dev/console c 5 1mknod -m 600 "$target"/dev/initctl pmknod -m 666 "$target"/dev/full c 1 7mknod -m 666 "$target"/dev/null c 1 3mknod -m 666 "$target"/dev/ptmx c 5 2mknod -m 666 "$target"/dev/random c 1 8mknod -m 666 "$target"/dev/tty c 5 0mknod -m 666 "$target"/dev/tty0 c 4 0mknod -m 666 "$target"/dev/urandom c 1 9mknod -m 666 "$target"/dev/zero c 1 5
if [ -d /etc/yum/vars ]; then mkdir -p -m 755 "$target"/etc/yum cp -a /etc/yum/vars "$target"/etc/yum/fi
if [[ -n "$install_groups" ]]; then yum -c "$yum_config" --installroot="$target" --releasever=/ --setopt=tsflags=nodocs \ --setopt=group_package_types=mandatory -y groupinstall "${install_groups[@]}"fi
if [[ -n "$install_packages" ]]; then yum -c "$yum_config" --installroot="$target" --releasever=/ --setopt=tsflags=nodocs \ --setopt=group_package_types=mandatory -y install "${install_packages[@]}"fi
yum -c "$yum_config" --installroot="$target" -y clean all
cat > "$target"/etc/sysconfig/network << EOFNETWORKING=yesHOSTNAME=localhost.localdomainEOF
rm -rf "$target"/usr/{{lib,share}/locale,{lib,lib64}/gconv,bin/localedef,sbin/build-locale-archive}rm -rf "$target"/usr/share/{man,doc,info,gnome/help}rm -rf "$target"/usr/share/cracklibrm -rf "$target"/usr/share/i18nrm -rf "$target"/var/cache/yummkdir -p --mode=0755 "$target"/var/cache/yumrm -rf "$target"/sbin/slnrm -rf "$target"/etc/ld.so.cache "$target"/var/cache/ldconfigmkdir -p --mode=0755 "$target"/var/cache/ldconfig
if [ -z "$version" ]; then for file in "$target"/etc/{kylin,system}-release; do if [ -r "$file" ]; then version="$(sed 's/^[^0-9\]*\([0-9.]\+\).*$/\1/' "$file")" break fi donefi
if [ -z "$version" ]; then echo >&2 "warning: cannot autodetect OS version, using '$name' as tag" version=$namefi
tar --numeric-owner -c -C "$target" . | docker import - $name:$version
rm -rf "$target"
注意：第129行需要修改为自己系统的release，可通过cat /etc/kylin-release命令查看./mkimage-yum.sh -y /etc/yum.conf kylinv10
从上图可以看出，通过脚本方式做成的镜像体积更小一些，如果想体积更小一些，可通过删除系统内不用的软件包实现，具体可根据需求自行实现
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该文章在 2025/7/1 23:22:07 编辑过
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